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Para para o personagem de Van Buren, veja Joshua Graham (Van Buren).

I have been baptized twice, once in water, once in flame. I will carry the fire of the holy spirit inside until I stand before my Lord for judgement.

Joshua Graham, (outrora chamado de Malpais Legate, e popularmente conhecido como Burned Man), é um missionário Mórmon, co-fundador da Caesar's Legion e seu primeiro Legate.

Graham liderou as tropas de Caesar para uma derrota humilhante durante a First Battle of Hoover Dam. Caesar, para demonstrar que o fracasso era inaceitável independentemente da posição, ordenou que Graham fosse coberto de piche, queimado vivo e jogado do Grand Canyon. Graham, porém, sobreviveu, deixando a Legion e tornando-se líder dos Black Horses, posição que ocupa em 2281.

Enredo[]

Passado[]

Joshua Graham nasceu em New Canaan, uma comunidade mórmon estabelecida no que resta da cidade de Ogden, Utah. Ele cresceu em tempos de paz, aprendendo o ofício de missionário e intérprete, devido à sua natural aptidão para línguas. Em 2246, Graham recebeu o chamado missionário para seu serviço sagrado, para espalhar a boa palavra para o povo do deserto. Quando saiu de casa, já era fluente em vários dialetos tribais. Seu conhecimento fez dele uma escolha natural quando os Followers of the Apocalypse pediram ajuda em sua expedição ao Grand Canyon. Graham partiu de Canaan, seguindo a Long 15 e a 89 para o sul do Arizona, conhecendo Calhoun e Sallow a caminho, enviado pelos Followers para fornecer educação às tribos locais e estudar seus dialetos.[1]

Em 2247, Os Blackfoot foram sua primeira parada no Canyon. Joshua provou ser um intérprete competente, embora por fim a hospitalidade de seus anfitriões tenha sido substituída por hostilidade. Quer tenha sido um erro de tradução que Joshua cometeu ou algum mal-entendido não relacionado, os Blackfoots decidiram manter toda a expedição para resgate.[2][3] Esta era uma situação problemática, pois os Blackfoots estavam em guerra com outras sete tribos no Grand Canyon e estavam claramente perdendo. Contra as objeções de Calhoun, Sallow decidiu assumir o comando da situação: ensinou as tribos a cuidar de suas armas, fazer explosivos, trabalhar como unidade de combate, com Graham continuando a servir como intérprete e o primeiro líder de guerra da Legião. Graham foi indispensável para o plano de Sallow, que transformou a tribo desorganizada em uma força de combate capaz, treinada em táticas de pequenas unidades, uso e manutenção de armas e fabricação de armas.[4]

Malpais Legate[]

JoshuaGrahamLegate

O legado reúne seus legionários

Com seus ensinamentos e as habilidades de Graham, os Blackfoots prevaleceram sobre as outras tribos, tornando-se o núcleo da Legião. Graham tornou-se um comandante, treinando as forças do exército incipiente e liderando-as na batalha. Sua posição de liderança logo envolveu ataques de retaliação e terror de tribos locais antes da assimilação na Legião. Quando Sallow se coroou César, Graham tornou-se seu primeiro Legado, o Malpais Legate.[5][6] Por trinta anos ele ajudou César a conquistar as tribos de Utah, Colorado, Arizona e Novo México, forjando a Legião. Embora ele não fosse um estrategista particularmente brilhante nem taticamente flexível, sua ameaça e brutalidade eram infames. As atrocidades que cometeu o tornaram temido por amigos e inimigos. Ele era perigoso, imprevisível e acima de tudo lendário por ser impossível de matar, mesmo por NCR Rangers. Mas todos os grandes homens acabam eventualmente. Para Graham, o fim chegou na Primeira Batalha de Hoover Dam.[7]

A obsessão de César em unir o deserto sob a bandeira de sua Legião resultou em um ataque a New California Republic em 2277. Depois de uma série de escaramuças a leste do Colorado[8] Caesar atacou a Barragem. A tenacidade de Graham era lendária neste ponto: apesar dos esforços dos NCR Rangers e First Recon a leste do rio Colorado e cinco relatórios de morte em Graham, o Legado permaneceu uma ameaça em geral.[9] No entanto, Graham subestimou o inimigo enquanto superestimava sua própria habilidade como comandante. Ele implantou seus legionários da maneira usual, tentando derrotar a República enquanto lutava contra as tribos no leste. Chefe Hanlon antecipou esse movimento, atraindo os legionários para uma armadilha.[10] Como os soldados do General Lee Oliver seguraram a linha, Rangers e atiradores de elite do Exército miraram em seus comandantes, semeando o caos nas fileiras da Legião. Quando o Legado ordenou que suas forças de elite perfurassem e perseguissem os Rangers dizimando seus oficiais e semeando o caos nas fileiras, os Rangers e os atiradores de elite do First Recon recuaram para Boulder City. Elementos do Exército e Rangers mantiveram a Legião engajada por tempo suficiente para permitir que os legionários mais experientes entrassem na cidade. Quando o fizeram, as forças da República se retiraram da cidade. Uma vez que a maioria deles estava segura (soldados e Rangers presos atrás das linhas da Legião tiveram que ser abandonados), eles acionaram explosivos embalados nos prédios com antecedência. O plano do chefe Hanlon deu certo: os prédios explodindo agiram como gigantescas bombas de fragmentação, matando e mutilando a maioria dos legionários e deixando o restante em estado de choque. O Exército e os Rangers seguiram a detonação com um contra-ataque, destruindo a Legião no lado oeste do Rio Colorado e forçando o Malpais Legate a se retirar da barragem. Ataques de flanco em Camp Golf e outros campos no Mojave foram repelidos de forma semelhante.[11]

The Malpais Legate voltou a César envergonhado. Para demonstrar que o fracasso não é tolerado, mesmo no mais alto escalão, César ordenou que Graham fosse queimado vivo. O ex-Legado foi coberto de piche, incendiado e jogado no Grand Canyon, por liderar a Legião em sua pior derrota em sua história.[12]

Filho pródigo[]

JoshuaGrahamExecution

O nascimento do Homem Queimado

I survived because the fire inside burned brighter than the fire around me.

Graham sobreviveu ao mergulho e acordou no dia seguinte, queimado e quebrado, mas vivo. Eventualmente, o legado caído rastejou para fora da borda norte do Grand Canyon e começou sua jornada para casa. Levou três árduos meses para chegar a New Canaan. A imunidade natural de Graham à medicina moderna tornou impossível para ele aliviar a dor e ele teve que substituir as bandagens que cobriam sua pele queimada e torcia-as todos os dias para evitar infecções. Mas ele perseverou e ao chegar a New Canaan, foi acolhido como um dos seus, como um filho pródigo voltando para casa. Aos seus olhos, seu segundo batismo nas mãos da Legião e a subsequente sobrevivência o transformaram, reacenderam sua fé e removeram seu orgulho e vaidade; e os trinta anos de separação, atrocidades e vergonha, eram irrelevantes para sua família.[13][14] Lendas do Homem Queimado perseguindo as terras devastadas começaram a se espalhar e finalmente chegaram aos ouvidos de César. Ele proibiu os legionários de falar o verdadeiro nome de Graham sob ameaça de morte (Damnatio memoriae), apenas reforçando o mito do Homem Queimado,[15] e emitiu uma ordem de morte para seus frumentarii. Onde quer que ele estivesse, seus agentes iriam encontrá-lo e destruí-lo.[16] Por sua vez, Graham decidiu perdoar Caesar, de acordo com a ideia de que se odeia o pecado, mas se ama o pecador.[17] Graham está ciente do desejo de César de vê-lo morto, graças ao grande número de frumentarii e assassinos que vieram o procurar.[18]

JoshuaGrahamWalk

Joshua Graham a caminho de New Canaan depois de matar diversos assassinos da Caesar's Legion

Por 2281, o passado de Graham finalmente alcançou o Legate caído. Os White Legs, levado ao frenesi e equipados por Ulysses, atacaram New Canaan enquanto Joshua estava longe da cidade, em uma tentativa de cair nas boas graças da Legion, destruindo a tribo de Canaan e Graham junto com ela. Sobreviventes se espalharam pelos ermos, com a maior parte deles escapando para Zion Canyon. A fim de defendê-los e às tribos que viviam no cânion, Graham assumiu a posição de chefe de guerra interino entre os Dead Horses, enquanto Daniel, outro missionário e sobrevivente de New Canaan, juntou-se às Sorrows.[19]

Enquanto Daniel faria Graham lutar uma ação de atraso para permitir que os Sorrows e Dead Horses evacuassem Zion com segurança e despistassem os White Legs nos ermos, Graham deseja nada mais do que trazer a justiça de Deus para aqueles que trariam danos a outros. O desejo de vingança contra aqueles que massacraram seu povo, matando todos os que não conseguiram fugir rápido o suficiente - os idosos, os doentes, as crianças, aqueles que pararam para ajudar - arde dentro dele, um fogo alimentado ainda mais por seus próprios demônios e desejos pessoais, para sua redenção.[20] É justo que ele os quebre em Zion, em um templo natural e monumento para a glória de seu Deus.[21]

Personalidade[]

Honest-Heartsburing1

Joshua Graham inspecionando .45 Auto pistols para seu uso contra os White Legs

I pray for the safety of all good people who come to Zion, even Gentiles, but we can't expect God to do all the work.

— Joshua Graham e seus dois lados

Joshua Graham é um homem conflitante. Originalmente um missionário mórmon de Ogden, ele constantemente traiu tudo o que amava a serviço de Caesar.[5] Preso na manutenção de um exército brutal e nômade de tribais recondicionados, além das conquistas do leste, Graham lentamente se tornou um monstro. Pequenas transigências se tornaram cada vez mais sinistras e brutais, com Graham racionalizando-os como tirando o melhor proveito de uma situação ruim e fazendo o que precisava ser feito. No final, porém, ele e Caesar construíram uma sociedade sobre uma base de medo e brutalidade, com Graham transformado em um monstro por três décadas de guerra e atrocidades. Joshua acabou acreditando em suas próprias mentiras e racionalizações, mas quando veio a derrota em Hoover Dam, ele perdeu todo seu ímpeto. Abandonado por Caesar e seu povo, o Legate caído foi forçado a refletir sobre sua vida e enfrentar o monstro que se tornou. Ao contrário da maioria, Joshua optou por não culpar Caesar, mas a si mesmo, e viajou para buscar o perdão das pessoas que abandonou três décadas antes.[22]

Opiniões de facções[]

Apesar de sua antiga lealdade à Caesar's Legion, o Burned Man não guarda má vontade em relação a nenhum aliado da NCR. Em seus olhos, a NCR ainda é resgatável, afirmando que a ganância do homem é o que levou à Grande Guerra e que somente através da fé em Deus e da oração e atos genuínos de bondade a humanidade pode esperar impedir que a história aconteça. repetindo-se. Ele também tem uma opinião negativa sobre Sr. House, vendo-o como outro Caesar; um homem que reuniu seu próprio conjunto de tribos usando seus próprios métodos para assumir o domínio sobre os outros.

Seu ódio pela Legion decorre não apenas do fato de ter sido feito um exemplo por Caesar, mas também da crença de Caesar de que somente sua vontade unirá o deserto sob a bandeira da Legion e sua recusa em deixar que qualquer coisa o detenha. Em última análise, sua maior inimizade é para si mesmo - por se deixar levar pela ascensão de Caesar ao poder, por cair na linha como seu Legate e por perpetuar deliberadamente as inúmeras atrocidades que ajudaram a estabelecer seu governo. O que ele acreditava ter sido o início de uma sociedade de iguais sob uma bandeira tornou-se uma cultura totalitária dominada por um homem.

Interações com o jogador[]

Honest Hearts[]

Visão geral das interações[]

Perk nociception regulator
Este personagem é essencial. Personagens essenciais não podem ser mortos.
FriendlyFoe
Este personagem é um companheiro temporário.
Barter
Este personagem é um comerciante. Caps: 1500-2000
Vende: munições
consumíveis
armas
mods de armas
Fullmaintenance
Este personagem pode reparar items. Repair cap: 100
GoodNatured
Este personagem inicia missões.
Perk empathy synthesizer
Este personagem é envolvido em missões.

Inventário[]

Vestuário Armas Outros itens
Joshua Graham's armor
Joshua Graham's headwrap
A Light Shining in Darkness
Joshua's Pistol Whippin' .45
Itens consumíveis tribais aleatórios

Anotações[]

  • Joshua, junto com Calhoun e Caesar, aparece na parte de trás dos Legion Denarius.
  • Apesar de afirmar que aceita todas as formas de moeda (em suas palavras, "até mesmo a moeda da Legião"), não é possível vender Legion Denarii para ele.
  • Mesmo quando ele era o Legate da Caesar's Legion, Joshua Graham sempre usava sua armadura SLCPD pessoal.
  • Joshua Graham é um especialista com a .45 Auto pistol (das tradiçções de New Canaan) e possui um modelo único no estilo comandante.
    • Ele também é um mestre com armas corpo a corpo e usa a coronha de sua pistola .45 Auto única como uma poderosa arma corpo a corpo.
  • Ao iniciar um diálogo com Graham, ele se referirá ao personagem do jogador como "o Courier que ele não esperava" e, em seguida, dirá "mas, novamente, ele não teria vindo com uma caravana". A implicação é que ele esperava que Ulysses, em vez do personagem do jogador, viesse e tentasse assassiná-lo, aumentando a evidência da lealdade de Ulysses à Caesar's Legion.
  • Semelhante a Father Elijah e sua imagem de avatar holográfico, Joshua Graham tem uma aparência ligeiramente diferente no jogo quando comparado à arte da capa Honest Hearts. No jogo, ele tem olhos azuis claros em vez de azuis brilhantes e sua pele queimada é mais cinza ao redor dos olhos.
  • Pickpocketing só funciona em Joshua enquanto ele está dormindo.
  • Joshua Graham é o único companheiro de Fallout: New Vegas com Karma "bom", enquanto todos os outros companheiros têm Karma "neutro".
  • Se ele sobreviver a todos os eventos, os finais de 'Honest Hearts afirmam que Joshua Graham continua a liderar a tribo dos Dead Horses. Ele não pode ser encontrado em nenhum lugar após o retorno do Courier a Zion, presumivelmente tendo retornado a Dead Horse Point com a maioria da tribo.
  • O rosto pré-queimado de Joshua tem um formato diferente do rosto pós-queimado.
  • Joshua é um de dois personagens de Fallout: New Vegas a possuir uma máscara irremovível - sendo Ulysses o outro.
  • Apesar de ter sofrido queimaduras graves no passado, quando sua máscara é removida, não há marcas de queimaduras graves e seu rosto é apenas o de um raider padrão. Isso é resultado das limitações da engine, semelhante à face completa de Lanius.

Frases notáveis[]

Aparições[]

Joshua Graham aparece na DLC Honest Hearts do Fallout: New Vegas e em Fallout: Wasteland Warfare. Ele é mencionado frequentemente, por exemplo: em uma tela de carregamento de Dead Money e por Ulysses em Lonesome Road. Ele também apareceria em Van Buren, O Fallout 3 cancelado da Black Isle Studios.

Bastidores[]

  • When asked how old the burned man is, Joshua Sawyer stated that, "He and Caesar were both young men so that should give you a rough timeframe." [23]
  • Joshua Graham was written by Joshua Sawyer in both Van Buren and Honest Hearts. His story is broadly based upon the parable of the Lost Son.[24][25]
  • Graham says Caesar the Anglicized way (/ˈsiːzər/) because he knows the Legion's use of the Latin pronunciation (/ˈkaizar/) is merely an affectation, and he does not care for it.[26]
  • Graham's self-described "baptism by flame" seems to be a dual reference to both his "death" at the hands of Caesar, and his symbolic rebirth by way of the Mormon laying of hands, which is also known as "baptism by fire."[27]
  • The inspiration for Graham came from a lot of sources, such as Paul the Apostle, Rodrigo Mendoza from The Mission, and Lawrence of Arabia. Also, the tribal markings on his armor were a reference to Rodrigo Mendoza as well.[28]
  • Seth McCaughey and Joshua Sawyer together created Graham's gun maintenance animations. Sawyer brought in his Colt and served as reference for the animation.[29]
  • A malpaís is a landform characterized by eroded rocks of volcanic origin in an arid environment. This describes many areas, but is strongly connected to the southwestern United States because of the Spanish settlers that gave the landform its name (malpais means "badland" in Spanish).
  • Joshua's class in the GECK editor is given as "Destroying Angel." The Destroying Angels were an alleged militant secret society in the early years of the Mormon Church who were dedicated to violently removing enemies of the church.[30]
  • Joshua Graham states he and the New Canaanites use .45 Auto pistols because it was created by a member of their tribe nearly four-hundred years before.[31] Furthermore, the real life reference to the .45 Auto pistol is the M1911 pistol, which was created by John Browning: a Mormon firearms maker who lived in Ogden, Utah, upon which New Canaan was built.
  • Keith Szarabajka was almost passed on as the voice of Joshua Graham, because one of the designers involved in the first round of casting suggested removing him from the pool. According to Joshua Sawyer, Szarabajka's submission was "given on a cell phone on a windy day and he had a cold." However, Sawyer decided to keep Szarabajka in the running for the role of Graham, which he considers one of the best decisions he made on the project.[32]
  • Due to technical limitations, Graham's appearance in the game differs from that on the cover of Honest Hearts. A dirty raider texture with an ashen skin color is used to simulate burns visible around his eyes, quite dissimilar to the melted flesh on the cover.
  • References remain in the game, pointing to a map above the cliffs of the Colorado River designated "MalpaisLegionCamp," indicating that such a location once existed in an earlier version of New Vegas but was later removed. A reference for Benny is found there, should he survive the events that took place at the Fort.

Frases de desenvolvedores[]

Lanius' armor seemed inappropriate for Graham. Though it's unlikely that Joshua would have worn the same clothes then that he does when you meet him in Honest Hearts, there weren't a lot of other appropriate clothes for him and his outfit does make him stand out as particularly unusual - which, even among the Legion, he was.

J. E. Sawyer, (quando questionado no por quê Joshua Graham não veste uma armadura da Legion tradicional)

It's not as simple as being "set on fire".Ortografia; pontuação e/ou gramática em jogo After suffering a terrible failure, he was humiliated by his superior and the people he commanded. He was cast out and left for dead. His entire reason for living was gone. When your entire way of life is completely destroyed, it has a profound impact on how you view yourself and your place in the world. Because all momentum is lost, the experience causes you to evaluate and re-evaluate how you have reached this point -- and how to move forward.

There are thousands, if not millions, of examples of soldiers in history who engaged in ruthless -- often cruel -- behavior in times of war only to either return to an "ordinary" civilized life later. Some of them have no problem with what they did, others repress their memories as much as they can, and still others suffer strong crises of conscience that force profound changes in them. As Graham describes, his path to becoming the Malpais Legate was made up of many small compromises that turned increasingly sinister and brutal. At first he thought he was making the best of a bad situation and doing what needed to be done, but in the end he and Caesar had built a society on a foundation of fear and brutality. Caesar had a more grand vision for where the Legion was going, but Joshua Graham was caught up in the day to day maintenance of a tribal army engaged in bleak and often monstrous behavior. It was not until he was removed from that environment that he was able to reflect on his past. He could have chosen to blame Caesar, but in the end he blamed himself. The only people he knew in the world who could possibly accept him were the New Canaanites, so that's where he headed.

Joshua Sawyer em bethsoft.com forums, 18 de maio de 2011

Because re-hiring a voice actor (especially a high profile actor like John Doman) isn't always simple, and touching Caesar's dialogue in the core game -- well, it's already really complicated, and introducing elements that could affect the critical path is pretty dangerous, especially if it's accomplished through the DLC files (because we couldn't patch it).

J. E. Sawyer, (quando questionado sobre a possibilidade de incluir diálogos de Graham relacionados à Caesar)

Speaking of Kurtz, was that character in any way a direct influence for Graham in Honest Hearts?

Only slightly. Graham and Caesar were in it together, in different ways. While Caesar never had a radical shift in his approach and ideology, Joshua Graham had a slow slide followed by a dramatic fall and "rebirth".Ortografia; pontuação e/ou gramática em jogo Joshua Graham was inspired by characters like Rodrigo Mendoza from The Mission and T.E. Lawrence.

That said, Honest Hearts has a lot to do with personal motivations and why being honest to yourself about them is important. In many ways, Caesar is dispassionate -- or at least less passionate than someone like Joshua Graham, or even Lanius. Caesar is an odd sort of philosopher; Joshua Graham is a zealot. Caesar is also hypocritical or at least "bends" his own rules when it suits him. Joshua has to lie to himself to rationalize what he does. He can't live with an internal contradiction.

They are also very different types of leaders. Caesar leads by telling people what to do and wowing (or terrorizing) them with the results. Joshua Graham leads by personally doing things that (typically) terrify both his allies and his enemies. As Joshua says himself, he's effectively a war chief of the Dead Horses. He's not the sort of guy you ask for opinions on how to repair a road or develop infrastructure.

Joshua Sawyer em Formspring em 30 de dezembro de 2011

Yes, that's always there for Crush the White Legs. Before you go in, Joshua tells you that you're about to engage in an extermination. Many of Daniel's fears have less to do with war and violence themselves and more to do with the path of warfare and the type of warfare in which Joshua engages. At some point, I think Daniel states that Joshua is (paraphrased) the poster child for the worst effects that a life of war can have on a person. Life on the warpath with Joshua Graham is more about slaughter than vigilance.

I had wanted to develop a religious conflict in an RPG for a while, one that wasn't presented as pro-religion vs. anti-religion. I didn't want to use a proxy/fictitious religion and I didn't want to use religion as the set-up for a series of jokes. My first idea for Honest Hearts was a direct conflict between Joshua and Daniel where Joshua was more like his pre-fall self, but I didn't think the characterization would be particularly interesting and I didn't think players would struggle much with the decision of whom to support. It didn't take long for me to change the main conflict to one about Joshua and Daniel vs. an external threat, with the player's choice revolving around which leader to support. I think we often present players with a choice between two bad solutions and we ask them to decide which one is least bad. With Honest Hearts, I wanted the player to decide which solution would produce the most good.

I wanted the player's first encounter with Joshua to be very reductive. In way, I wanted the player to be initially disappointed. They hear legends of this fearsome, terrible, demonic figure and when they first see him, he's doing the equivalent of putting his pants on one leg at a time: sitting at a table maintaining a stack of guns. Even internally, some people complained about his appearance. They wanted him to be huge and monstrous or they wanted his first encounter with the player to involve him brutally gunning down White Legs. I believed that for his character to feel right in the context of the story, he needed to be a man first and the monster later. But that expressed desire on the team made me ask for the graffiti players see on the way to see Joshua: an entire cliff face dominated by the image of Joshua with tiny White Leg corpses falling down below him. In the image, he's like Goya's Saturn, dwarfing and destroying everyone around him.

Presenting the conflict with Daniel posed some challenges because Daniel is not a living legend, i.e. he is even more of a normal man than Joshua is trying to be. Additionally, Mormonism is not a pacifistic religion (and its soteriology does not depend on pacifism), so the conflict could not reasonably by framed around violence vs. non-violence even in the post-apocalyptic version followed by the New Canaanites. Daniel's concern was about larger issues than fighting or not-fighting; he was concerned that Joshua's lapsed nature would cause a whirlwind of warfare that would pull everyone far away New Canaanite traditions to the point where religion was virtually abandoned in favor of a war cult surrounding Joshua.

I had expected that most people would support Joshua, in part because of Joshua as a character but also because of the nature of gameplay in Fallout (i.e., violence is almost always a solution). I did not expect that the Survivalist's logs (written by John Gonzalez) would push so many more people toward supporting Joshua. I think it's an interesting example of players finding their own connections between the two stories and making an emotional connection that pushes them in a particular direction.

Respostas no Formspring de Joshua Sawyer

I didn't sit down and think "gonna make this dude a Greek tragic hero".Ortografia; pontuação e/ou gramática em jogo I knew that Joshua had to be in an unresolved state, moved on from his life with the Legion but in a state of denial about his current motives. Joshua's struggle is about what burns inside him -- light that illuminates or fire that consumes.

Respostas no Formspring de Joshua Sawyer

I think it's worth noting that in even Van Buren's documents, a lot of the references to the Hanged Man's "evil" refers to past acts. In VB, he was seemingly a man without purpose. While his characterization by others and his tendency to laugh off/ignore attempts by others to control him could have been interesting, it really ended at "nasty guy who says and does creepy stuff and is a badass".Ortografia; pontuação e/ou gramática em jogo There were specific instances (such as at New Canaan) where he would specifically avoid conflict and showed some additional depth, but he effectively had no character arc within the story.

Personally, I think the "wow so crazy" type characters aren't particularly interesting or insightful because they only exist in pure fantasy and, as such, can't really be related to. I think it's important for characters who are influencing player opinions to be more-or-less human. If you can't put yourself in the character's shoes, it's hard to empathize with him or her.

Joshua was inspired by a lot of different characters and things. The apostle Paul, Rodrigo Mendoza (Robert DeNiro's character from Roland Joffé's "The Mission"), T.E. Lawrence aka Lawrence of Arabia, and others. His outfit was designed to feature body armor but look somewhat "old west"/preacher in style -- hence the low-collar white shirt, sleeve garter, and the cut of the ballistic vest. The rattlesnake skin on his belt, shoes, and gun are symbolic but also intended to reflect that "western" feeling. The stitched patterns in his shirt were supposed to be tribal markings from the Dead Horses and were inspired by a scene from The Mission where Mendoza receives patterned body paint from the Guarani. I remembered a white dress from PJ Harvey's White Chalk tour where she had lyrics stitched into the cloth in black thread and I just put the two ideas together.

Joshua Sawyer, Respostas no Formspring de 27 de maio de 2011

Galeria[]

Referências[]

  1. Courier: "Were you always with the New Canaanites?"
    Joshua Graham: "I was born in Ogden, what people came to call New Canaan. Things were more peaceful when I was growing up. When I was a young man, I went out into the world to do missionary work as all New Canaanites do. I traveled along the Long 15 and followed 89 south into Arizona. Along the way, I met two men from a group called the Followers of the Apocalypse. Edward Sallow and Bill Calhoun. They came to teach the tribes. Calhoun was a good man. Edward was the one who got us into trouble down the road."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  2. Courier: "Was one of those men Caesar?"
    Joshua Graham: "No, not then. Back then he was just Edward. Smart man. Young, but we all were. We thought we could hike into the Grand Canyon and talk to Blackfoots. We did, and the Blackfoots were friendly enough at first, but eventually... I've thought back to that day so many times. I must have mistranslated. Something must have been mixed up, because the Blackfoots decided we weren't going to leave. The rest is history, assuming Edward hasn't changed it."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  3. Courier: "Why would learning dialects be a waste of time?"
    Caesar: "If you think it's worthwhile to make smart people learn how to talk like backward savages, you're a Follower of the Apocalypse... or an idiot. Anyway, we met up with a Mormon missionary who already knew a bunch of dialects - Joshua Graham. He was supposed to teach me. But before that went too far, the Blackfoot tribe captured us, to hold us for ransom. They were a backward bunch. But the real problem was, they didn't know how to fight."
    (Diálogo de Caesar)
  4. Courier: "What was wrong with the Blackfoot?"
    Caesar: "The Blackfoot were at war with seven other tribes, each just as pissant as they were. But outnumbered like that, they weren't going to last long. It's one thing to be taken hostage, another to be lashed to a sinking ship. So over Calhoun's objections, I decided to take certain steps."
    Courier: "What steps did you take?"
    Caesar: "I taught them how to use the guns they already had - how to strip and clean them, how to breathe when pulling a trigger, how to reload ammunition. They looked at me like I was some kind of a sorcerer. So I taught them how to make explosives, and started drilling them on small unit tactics. If there's anything I learned as a Follower of the Apocalypse, it's that there's a lot of good information in old books."
    (Diálogo de Caesar)
  5. 5,0 5,1 Courier: "How did you end up as Caesar's legate?"
    Joshua Graham: "This way lies the path to hell. Edw- Caesar needed me to translate. Translation became giving orders. Giving orders became leading in battle. Leading in battle became training, punishing, terrorizing. A series of small mistakes before a great fall. And I stayed in that darkness until after Hoover Dam. After I failed Caesar and he had me burned alive, thrown into the Grand Canyon."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  6. Courier: "What happened to the tribes?"
    Caesar: "The Kaibabs joined me, and the Fredonians after that - all the pissant tribes, with names that should be forgotten. I knew from the start I'd need to eradicate this plague of tribal identities, replacing them with a monolithic culture, a uniform identity. So that's what I did, once my confederation of tribes was large enough. I crowned myself Caesar and created a single Great Tribe - my Legion. I sent Calhoun, the Follower captured with me, back West with a message that I should not be interfered with. Joshua Graham, the Mormon interpreter, stayed with me and served as my first Legatus."
    (Diálogo de Caesar)
  7. Courier: "And since forming the Legion, all you've done is conquer other tribes?"
    Caesar: "That's right. Decades of warfare, absorbing lesser tribes, gathering power. Forging the dross into a vast, razor-sharp scythe. My Legion's expansion has never ceased. Much of the Utah and Colorado, and all of Arizona and New Mexico, are mine. We have cities of our own, but nothing compared to Vegas. Finally, my Legion will have its Rome."
    (Diálogo de Caesar)
  8. Courier: "He must have a weakness."
    Ulysses: "His strength lies in his title - and it is his weakness. He will not fight a losing battle and destroy what he represents. Put the idea of loss in him. Convince him the Bear will not be the twentieth tribe beneath his heel, it will make him pause like nothing on earth. You do not need to convince him alone. Draw upon history. The past of other Legates are not filled with victories. Remind Lanius of this."
    (Ulysses' dialogue)
  9. Courier: "So that was the end of Graham?"
    Hanlon: "It's not that clear cut. You have to understand, Graham was the toughest son of a gun anyone around these parts had ever seen. Before Hoover, we had five kill reports on Graham from rangers and 1st Recon sharpshooters who tried to take him out. Some folks think he's still alive, call him the Burned Man."
    (Hanlon's dialogue)
  10. Courier: "So what happened at Hoover Dam and Boulder City?"
    Hanlon: "In big battles, Caesar deploys his legionaries in waves. Recruits up front, prime soldiers behind the recruits, old guard bringing up the rear. Opponents wear themselves out dealing with the first two waves, if they survive that long. When the veterans step up, there's not much fight left. Caesar can adapt, though, and when required, he can run any mix of legionaries as skirmishers and still retain order in the ranks. Joshua Graham, Caesar's old legate, he's wasn't so flexible. When the Legion attacked Hoover Dam, General Oliver ordered his troopers back to the middle ground just after first contact. Graham pushed all of the legionaries onto the dam, filling the east side with recruits up front and veterans in the back, by the book. But once they were in, they were stuck there. Oliver's troopers were entrenched and wouldn't give a foot. That's when we ordered the rangers and 1st recon sharpshooters to start picking off veteran legion officers from a high ridge west of the dam. That only lasted about a minute before Graham ordered the back ranks to push through to the front and rush the ridge. Caused total chaos among the younger legionaries, and Oliver's troopers fell back to the side walkways and stayed out of the veterans' way. By the time the veterans got to the ridge, we were already in Boulder City. They followed us down there, but we were out before they realized what was happening. We had packed the old city with C4 and dynamite. Crude, but it did the job. Those who didn't die in the blast were in no position to mount a defense. The ones left on the dam didn't know what to do. The troopers routed them. Graham pulled the remaining legionaries back, but the battle was over. He went south, back to the Grand Canyon, back to Caesar. And that was the last we saw or heard from Joshua Graham."
    (Hanlon's dialogue)
  11. Courier: "What was Camp Golf like?"
    Craig Boone: "It was on the front line for a while. The only resort in New Vegas no one wanted to get sent to. Doesn't have that kind of importance anymore, though. They pulled most of the troops out of there after we took the Hoover Dam."
    (Diálogo de Craig Boone)
  12. Courier: "What happened to Graham after Hoover Dam?"
    Hanlon: "Losing the dam was the worst defeat the Legion ever suffered. Graham had been with Caesar since the beginning, but he had to set an example. The praetorians covered Graham in pitch, lit him on fire, and down into the Grand Canyon he went."
    (Diálogo de Hanlon)
  13. Courier: "Are you in much pain? Is there anything I can do to help?"
    Joshua Graham: "[SUCCEEDED] You are kind to offer, but no, there's nothing you can do. We don't use chems, but I learned long ago that I'm immune to their effects. It never stops burning. My skin. Every day, I have to unwind the bandages and replace them with fresh ones. Exposing my body to the air is like living through it again. But it's better to be clean than comfortable."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  14. Courier: "How did you survive?"
    Joshua Graham: "I survived because the fire inside burned brighter than the fire around me. I fell down into that dark chasm, but the flame burned on and on. The next morning, I woke up and crawled out of the northern edge of the Grand Canyon, that cursed place. It took me three months to reach New Canaan. It was as though the prodigal son had returned. They welcomed me like I had never left, never done anything to shame them. The fire that had kept me alive was love. Their love. God's love. I will never be able to repay the debt I owe to them, but I must try."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  15. Courier: "Tell me about the Burned Man."
    Vulpes Inculta: "Ah, yes - we are forbidden from speaking his true name. He was a shaman of some kind before he met Caesar, a holy man from out of the Utah. The Burned Man proved dangerous, unpredictable, and impossible to kill. He helped Caesar form the Legion but almost led it to destruction."
    (Diálogo de Vulpes Inculta)
  16. Ulysses: "Caesar had him burned and cast into the earth, into the largest canyon you've ever seen. Watched the flames trail all the way to the bottom. Somehow Joshua walked away from that, went beyond Caesar's gaze. His footsteps trailing fire, walking from one hell - maybe to another. When one is ruined like Graham was... sometimes home is the only place left. If so, he went to New Canaan, Caesar's anger written on him like a book. Caesar's orders to the Frumentarii were to watch for him, find Graham. Kill him. Didn't try. Could've, no good would have come of it. Graham earned his life, and his nature... it'll kill him more surely than any blade of the Legion. So if you've heard word of it or seen sign of him, let it keep. Let his history keep."
    (Diálogo de Ulysses)
  17. Courier: "I'm guessing you don't like Caesar very much."
    Joshua Graham: "Love the sinner, hate the sin. With Caesar, it's often very difficult to see through all of that sin to the person inside. I can say that we were both lucky that NCR's supply lines and land routes north of Mojave Outpost were destroyed before the Battle of Hoover Dam. Something bad happened near Death Valley, at a place called the Divide. NCR couldn't cut across anymore and it slowed down their reinforcements. Terrible storms ripped entire companies apart before they even got to Nevada soil. The aftermath of Hoover Dam could have been even worse for Caesar."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  18. Joshua Graham: "We should have given you a better welcome on your first visit to Zion, but from what I hear, the White Legs beat us to it. White Legs seem to be the only visitors we have these days, and I wouldn't have expected anyone from the Mojave to come looking for us. And you're a courier, no less. Not the one I was expecting, but I suppose he wouldn't have come with a caravan. I don't know if you were close to the other members of your group, but you have my sympathy. I pray for the safety of all good people who come to Zion, even Gentiles, but we can't expect God to do all the work."
    Courier: "What did you say about a courier? Who were you expecting?"
    Joshua Graham: "Caesar would never admit this openly, but he knows that I'm alive. I've killed enough of his frumentarii and assassins that have come looking. I've heard one of them travels the Mojave as a courier. Most of Caesar's agents meet a fitting end in NCR territory, but maybe this one survived."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  19. Courier: "I came here with the Happy Trails Caravan Company to make contact with the New Canaanites."
    Joshua Graham: "Happy Trails. I remember. They were good friends. I have bad news for your employers. New Canaan was destroyed, its citizens scattered. All because of the White Legs. And Caesar, of course. The White Legs want to join the Legion. Caesar's rite of passage is the destruction of the New Canaanites, almost assuredly because of me. The good news is that we can help you find your way back. Daniel, one of the other New Canaanites, has made many maps of the region. The bad news is that we can't help you right now. Not with everything that's going on."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  20. Courier: "Well, I'm guessing you're pretty mad about something."
    Joshua Graham: "The White Legs didn't just force my people out of New Canaan. They butchered everyone who wasn't fast enough to get away. The elderly, the ill, children. Those who stopped to help the wounded. It made no difference to them. They can't be reasoned with, the White Legs. Daniel believes that if we leave, if the Sorrows leave, the White Legs will stop. He doesn't understand what this kind of tribe is like."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  21. Courier: "This conversation just got pretty dark. What was that about happy... dashing the little ones?"
    Joshua Graham: "Happy are those who do the work of the Lord. Zion belongs to God and the people of God. It is a natural temple and monument to his glory. When our Lord entered the temple and found it polluted by money-changers and beasts, did he ask them to leave? Did he cry? Did he simply walk away? No. He drove them out. It is one thing to forgive a slap across my cheek, but an insult to the Lord requires... no, it demands correction."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  22. Joshua Graham: "This way lies the path to hell. Edw- Caesar needed me to translate. Translation became giving orders. Giving orders became leading in battle. Leading in battle became training, punishing, terrorizing. A series of small mistakes before a great fall. And I stayed in that darkness until after Hoover Dam. After I failed Caesar and he had me burned alive, thrown into the Grand Canyon."
    (Diálogo de Joshua Graham)
  23. Anonymous: "How old do you reckon the burned man is?"
    Joshua Sawyer: "He and Caesar were both young men (Joshua Graham had just started missionary work) when they met, so that should give you a rough timeframe."
    Joshua Sawyer's Spring.me Archive June 5, 2011 (Archive)
  24. WHAT? After all he has been through and all the bad things he has done and Joshua Graham still claims to be a christian? | Formspring:
    JESawyer 11 May 11: <http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+15%3A11-32&version=NIV>
  25. Fallout: New Vegas 10th Anniversary Charity Stream (reference starts at 2:45:28)
    Joshua Sawyer: "I wrote Joshua Graham and Daniel."
  26. Fallout: New Vegas 10th Anniversary Charity Stream (reference starts at 5:11:06)
    Joshua Sawyer: "'Is there a reason why Graham pronounces Caesar the Western way or nah?' It's 'cause he realizes it's an affectation and he just doesn't care. [laughter]"
  27. Fire and the Holy Ghost - Ensign June 1995
  28. This is a two parter. 1. Why did you decide to make Joshua Graham a good character instead of an evil character like in Van Buren? 2. Where did the inspiration of the Joshua Graham character come from? Formspring:
    JESawyer 27 May 11: I think it's worth noting that in even Van Buren's documents, a lot of the references to the Hanged Man's "evil" refers to past acts. In VB, he was seemingly a man without purpose. While his characterization by others and his tendency to laugh off/ignore attempts by others to control him could have been interesting, it really ended at "nasty guy who says and does creepy stuff and is a badass".Ortografia; pontuação e/ou gramática em jogo There were specific instances (such as at New Canaan) where he would specifically avoid conflict and showed some additional depth, but he effectively had no character arc within the story.
    Personally, I think the "wow so crazy" type characters aren't particularly interesting or insightful because they only exist in pure fantasy and, as such, can't really be related to. I think it's important for characters who are influencing player opinions to be more-or-less human. If you can't put yourself in the character's shoes, it's hard to empathize with him or her.
    Joshua was inspired by a lot of different characters and things. The apostle Paul, Rodrigo Mendoza (Robert DeNiro's character from Roland Joffé's "The Mission"), T.E. Lawrence aka Lawrence of Arabia, and others. His outfit was designed to feature body armor but look somewhat "old west"/preacher in style -- hence the low-collar white shirt, sleeve garter, and the cut of the ballistic vest. The rattlesnake skin on his belt, shoes, and gun are symbolic but also intended to reflect that "western" feeling. The stitched patterns in his shirt were supposed to be tribal markings from the Dead Horses and were inspired by a scene from The Mission where Mendoza receives patterned body paint from the Guarani. I remembered a white dress from PJ Harvey's White Chalk tour where she had lyrics stitched into the cloth in black thread and I just put the two ideas together.
  29. Joshua Sawyer, Formspring response from June 27, 2012: "Who did that gun inspection animation for Joshua Graham? That looked awesome and was pretty impressive, a lot of games don't have hand animations that good."
    "Seth McCaughey. I brought in my (unloaded, in case it needs to be said) Colt and went through the process with him, then he went buck wild. Seth did a lot of the weapon reload animations in F:NV and the DLCs. He also came up with the idea of the SMMG in Lonesome Road and was the creator of the hidden Gojira."
  30. I just read 'Blood of the Prophets', and my mind wandered to Honest Hearts. Was Joshua Graham's dynamic with the Sorrows and Dead Horses at all consciously modeled on Brigham Young's rhetoric about using the 'Lamanites' as the "Battle-axe of the Lord"?
    Joshua Sawyer: Yes, but less about Brigham Young specifically and more about how Mormons in Utah interacted with tribes there (like the Paiutes), generally. It was inspired by events like the Utah War/Mountain Meadows Massacre.
    Even though this doesn't appear in the game, Joshua Graham's character class in the GECK is "Destroying Angel", which was a nickname for some of the militant/vigilante Mormons/Danites that operated in Utah in the 19th century.

    (Joshua Sawyer's Formspring answers)
  31. The Courier: "Nice guns."
    Joshua Graham: "In the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau, all tribes are known for a specific weapon. White Legs are known for their big submachine guns, "storm drums." They broke into an armory near Spanish Fork and have been using them for years. Of course, the Dead Horses have their wooden War clubs and even the Sorrows have their yao guai gauntlets. This type of .45 Automatic pistol was designed by one of my tribe almost four hundred years ago. Learning its use is a New Canaanite rite of passage."
    (Joshua Graham's dialogue)
  32. Joshua Sawyer on Tumblr

Non-game

  1. Anônimo: "How old do you reckon the burned man is?"
    Joshua Sawyer: "He and Caesar were both young men (Joshua Graham had just started missionary work) when they met, so that should give you a rough timeframe."
    Joshua Sawyer's Formspring/Spring.me Archive June 5, 2011
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